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A change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use.
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Note that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), in its Article 1, defines climate change as: ‘a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods’. The UNFCCC thus makes a distinction between climate change attributable to human activities altering the atmospheric composition and climate variability attributable to natural causes (IPCC, 2023).
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Climate Change: The rapidly increasing challenge for the MediterraneanSource : Mediterranean Information Office for Environment, Culture and Sustainable Development (MIO-ECSDE)
The present special issue of “Sustainable Development” is devoted to Climate Change provides a unique opportunity to distinguished authors from some of the major regional organisations, institutions and stakeholders to present their policies and actions and share their views on this urgent and “burning” for the Mediterranean problem, contributing also to the democratic dialogue around climate change, at a critical moment considered as a “turning point” for climate action by the international and Mediterranean community.